1. Isothermal forging press is to keep the blank temperature constant during the whole forming process. Isothermal forging is performed to take advantage of the high plasticity of certain metals at the same temperature or to obtain specific structures and properties. Isothermal forging requires the die and blank to be kept at a constant temperature together, which is expensive and is only used for special forging processes such as superplastic forming.
2, forging can change the metal structure, improve metal performance. After hot forging and pressing, the original cast loose, pores, micro cracks are compacted or welded; The original dendritic crystals were broken to make the grains fine; At the same time, the original carbide segregation and uneven distribution are changed to make the structure uniform, so as to obtain internal compact, uniform, fine, good comprehensive performance, reliable forgings. After hot forging deformation, the metal is fiber structure; After cold forging deformation, the metallic crystals show order.
3, forging is to make the metal plastic flow and made of the desired shape of the workpiece. Metal flows plastically under external force, and the metal always flows to the part of least resistance. In production, the shape of the workpiece is often controlled according to these rules, and the deformation such as upsetting, drawing, expanding, bending and deep drawing are realized.
4, the forging out of the workpiece size is accurate, conducive to the organization of mass production. Die forging, extrusion, stamping and other applications of mold forming size accurate and stable. High efficiency forging and pressing machinery and automatic forging and pressing production line can be used to organize professional mass production or mass production.
5. The production process of forging includes blanking of forging billet before forming, heating and pretreatment of forging billet; Heat treatment, cleaning, calibration and inspection of workpiece after forming. Commonly used forging and pressing machinery are forging hammer, hydraulic press and mechanical press. The hammer has a large impact speed, which is conducive to the plastic flow of metal, but will produce vibration; Hydraulic press with static forging, is conducive to forging through metal and improve the organization, stable work, but low productivity; Mechanical press stroke is fixed, easy to realize mechanization and automation.
In the future, the forging process will improve the internal quality of forging parts, develop precision forging and precision stamping technology, develop forging equipment and forging production line with higher productivity and automation, develop flexible forging forming system, develop new forging materials and forging processing methods, etc. Improve the internal quality of forged parts, mainly to improve their mechanical properties (strength, plasticity, toughness, fatigue strength) and reliability. This requires better application of metal plastic deformation theory; Use intrinsically better quality materials; Correct pre-forging heating and forging heat treatment; More rigorous and extensive non-destructive testing of forgings.