(1) The pre-forging deformation process mainly includes blanking and heating process. The blanking process shall prepare the raw blank according to the specifications and dimensions required by forging. If necessary, the raw blank shall be treated with rust removal, surface defects removal, oxidation prevention and lubrication. The heating process is based on the heating temperature and production beat required by forging deformation.
(2) Forging deformation process plastic deformation of the blank on a variety of forging equipment to complete the internal and external quality requirements of the forgings. The process may include several processes.
(3) After forging deformation process forging deformation, followed by the cooling process of forgings. Then, in order to supplement the shortcomings of the earlier process, so that the forgings fully meet the requirements of forging product drawings, there is also a need to carry out: trimming punching (for forging die), heat treatment, correction, surface cleaning and other processes. Sometimes, post-forging cooling is closely combined with the heat treatment process to obtain specific forgings.
Quality inspection should be carried out between each process and before forging leaves the factory. Inspection items include set shape size, surface quality, metallographic structure and mechanical properties, etc., according to the requirements of semi-finished products and forgings in the process.
The essence of forging is that the blank absorbs mechanical energy by applying external force to the blank through tools or molds, and the internal distribution of stress state changes, and the displacement and deformation flow of material particles occur. For hot forging, the blank also absorbs heat energy as it is heated, resulting in a corresponding temperature distribution change inside. Driven by force energy and heat energy, the shape, size and internal structure of the blank are changed.